This volume bring out the main findings and recommendations of 11 research projects carried out in Sri Lanka during 1990 and 1991 under the University of Antwerp (Belgium), University of Peradeniya (Sri Lanka), and University of Connecticut (USA). It is anticipated that the results of the research conducted would be fed back into the decision-making process in the relevant fields. The first three studies presented all share the view that agriculture and health are closely inter-connected. The association between high exposure to pesticides, an outcome of recent agricultural development efforts in Sri Lanka and the presence of certain disease symptoms are examined. The researcher presents several recommendations that may help minimize health hazards to pesticide applicators. The study also deals with the important issue of development of home gardens as a means to augment the nutritional intake of the family. The researcher, however, finds that certain technical and cultural constraints need to be overcome in order to make home gardening viable and acceptable to the people. A third study is concerned with the health consequence of development-related ecological and social transformations in an upstream area affected by the Mahaweli Development Programme. The next five studies deal with maternal and child health issues. The last three papers in this book pay attention to three poorly-understood, but significant health problems in the country. The effect of consanguineous marriages on disease inheritance and people,s awareness about the health consequences of such marriages are dealt with.