Nepal is predominantly an agrarian economy. The agriculture sector contributes nearly 40 per cent to the gross domestic product and engages more than 80 percent of the economically active workforce. As a result of policy reforms participation of private sector in the economy has been increasing gradually. This publication puts forward findings which help in understanding the dynamics of the agricultural systems in general and shift in livelihood patterns of the farming communities over a period of time. It also provides insights for policy makers and development planners when formulating new policy and plans for rural development and poverty reduction. Agricultural scientists, development practitioners, development workers and students are also part of the target audience and stand to gain understanding on issues related to the liberalised economic and trade policies of the government and their associated impact on national food security, livelihoods and gender role in agriculture in Nepal.