Although land is a well researched topic in Sri Lanka, much of the research focus has been on historical aspects of land ownership, productivity of land and issues related to land conflicts. There is limited research that focuses on answering questions such as understanding the links between land and poverty and land policy as it is a focus area for poverty reduction. Conventional thinking as opposed to empirical research has thus far led the policy dialogue on the subject. The focus of the 6th Annual Symposium on Poverty Research in Sri Lanka was held under the title “Putting Land First? Exploring the Links between Land and Poverty.” The symposium provided a forum for researchers, policymakers and other stakeholders to discuss new research on land related issues, both in Sri Lanka and in the region, and to discuss the implications of this research for land policy. This volume is a compilation of selected papers that have been presented at the symposium addressing topics such as land ownership issues and the incidence of poverty, access to land and rural poverty, land policies and land reforms as a means of poverty alleviation.