This report provides development practitioners with evaluation tools, examples, exercises and case studies that will help to translate plans into actions and theory into practice. It aims to assist UNDP country offices in transforming their current monitoring and evaluation system into one that is more results-oriented, more responsive to the demands for greater accountability, and more of a source for learning, both to support decision-making and to guide future programming. Part one presents the conceptual and operational framework for monitoring and evaluation. It is intended to promote a greater understanding of key concepts among UNDP staff, programme and project managers from governments and NGOs of programme countries and from United Nations specialized agencies, development partners in the international community, independent evaluators and members of academia.Part two offers UNDP managers guidance on the application of the monitoring and evaluation concepts presented in part one. Instructions are provided on how to prepare selected monitoring and evaluation instruments.