River Sand Mining and its consequences have been the topic of much discussion and debate. This booklet is a synopsis of papers, presentations and views regarding illicit river sand mining, the underlying corruption and the implications that it has. This booklet provides information on the water and river systems in Sri Lanka and the use of river sand in the construction industry. It discusses areas in which sand mining has become a serious issue, such as in Deduru Oya where sand mining has been prohibited by the Supreme Court. The booklet goes on to discuss the different stakeholders that are negatively affected by sand mining. The positive and negative consequences of administrative, institutional and legal actions that have been taken are also analysed. The booklet highlights the key issues and problems that result from river sand mining. It presents alternative ways of approaching these issues to ensure that the problems can be overcome.