The objective of socioeconomic impact analysis is to assess the magnitude and distribution of both direct and indirect effects. Past efforts at assessing the impact of infrastructure projects have typically been limited due to the lack of available baseline and control data. This has made it difficult to disentangle the effects from the infrastructure project from those of other interventions and the overall development of the economy. The aim of the current paper is therefore to help task managers and clients develop rigorous data collection and analytic methods which can form the basis for systematic impact assessment of road projects. The principles and tools proposed here must be seen as flexible templates, a guide to options to be developed for specific country contexts. Yet, adherence to a given methodology in individual efforts will make it easier to develop general lessons applicable across countries.