This manual, which is based on over a decade of experience of work, targets mainly implementing bodies and their field/technical officials. It aims to share knowledge on how to operationalize participatory cost effective approaches to rural road construction and maintenance in a simple and effective manner. The focus of this manual is introducing labour intensive methods to rural road construction. The objective of the manual is to provide technical staff with a reference material that explains, in great detail, the technical specifications, work procedures and alternative methods of rural road construction.